On February 10, the well-known developer of Cydia and iOS Jailbreak, Jay Freeman, otherwise known as Saurik, published a Twitter thread about a bug he found in the Layer-2 (L2) scaling protocol known as Optimism. According to Freeman, the vulnerability, which has been patched, could have allowed an attacker to create an infinite amount of tokens.
Cydia Creator ‘Saurik’ Discovers Optimism L2 Vulnerability
Jay Freeman is a prominent software developer well known for his iOS Jailbreak and Cydia tools. Freeman’s Cydia Graphical User Interface (GUI) was released in February 2008 and gives users of jailbroken iPhones the ability to download unauthorized software for the iOS operating system of Apple smartphones. Freeman recently published a blog post titled “Attacking an Ethereum L2 with Unbridled Optimism,” which explains how he reported a critical security issue to the developers of the L2 Optimism scaling solution.
Optimism’s L2 solution allows users to move ethereum for a fraction of the cost. Currently, moving ether using Optimism can cost $0.56 per transfer as opposed to the L1 gas fees today which are $3.29 per transaction. To swap coins onchain using L1 it will cost a user $16.47 in ether but using Optimism to swap coins will cost $0.83. Freeman reported the Optimism vulnerability on February 2, 2022 and the bug has since been patched.
The attack would have allowed “an attacker to replicate money on any chain using their ‘OVM 2.0’ fork of go-ethereum (which they call l2geth),” Freeman said. The developer further explained that he plans to talk about the Optimism vulnerability on February 18 at Ethdenver 2022. Freeman was also reward a bounty of $2,000,042 for discovering the bug and disclosing it to the team. The software engineer’s blog post describes how the attacker could hit an arbitrary amount of tokens before the bug was fixed.
“The bug presented here — which I dub ‘Unbridled Optimism’ — can maybe be (crudely) modelled as a bug on the far side of a ‘bridge,’” Freeman wrote. “But is actually a bug in the virtual machine that executes smart contracts on Optimism. Exploiting this enables the attacker to have access to an effectively unbounded number of tokens (aka, the IOUs) on the far side of the bridge. It is my contention that this is more dangerous than merely tricking the reserves into allowing a withdrawal.” The developer continued:
Additionally, with your unlimited supply of IOUs, you can go to any decentralized exchanges operating on the L2 and waste their savings, buying large amounts of other tokens while devaluing the chain’s own currency. Using your access to infinite capital, you can further manipulate on-chain pricing oracles to take advantage of other attacks; and, until someone finally realizes your money is counterfeit, arbitrageurs will flock to the network to sell you their assets.
The Pessimism Surrounding Cross-Chain Applications
In addition to the vulnerability found in Optimism, Freeman discussed cross-chain bridge technology in great detail. The developer mentioned that the same day he disclosed the bug to Optimism, the Wormhole bridge was attacked. Freeman also touched upon the Poly Network hack in his post. “Even when hackers do steal money from a bridge, the ramifications are limited,” Freeman’s blog post explains.
Freeman discovering the optimism bug comes on the heels of the slew of cross-chain bridge hacks and new community concern over the security of this burgeoning technology. The Cydia developer’s blog post mentions concepts such as “‘insurance policies’ against crypto hacks”. Additionally, Ethereum (ETH) co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently spoke about the security concerns of cross-chain bridge platforms. “I’m pessimistic about cross-chain apps,” says a recent Reddit post from Buterin.
